In 1988, the Catholic world was shocked by the news that a bishop, Mgr. Lefebvre, had decided to rebel against Rome and illicitly consecrate four bishops. What had led this bishop, once a close friend of Pope Pius XII, to take a step that would lead to schism and excommunication? Was he led by pride and rebellion or, as he maintained, by a paradoxical love for the Papacy, the priesthood and the Mass?