This book considers Latin American structuralism (L.A.S) as a school of thought that was proposed to explain the foundations of the development of Latin America starting from its colonial and peripheral origins. L.A.S cultivated a Latin Americanism based on the idea of liberation against the structures of domination and dependence that, since the colonial phase, fragmented the region to submit it to the interests of successive hegemonic centers. The first part of this book presents a counterpoint between the notions of capitalism and development. The second part recounts the influence of the founding fathers of L.A.S who, based on the formidable impetus of the United Nations (ECLAC), characterized the essential features of Latin American structuralism. The third part deepens the study of these features and the ideal of Latin American unity. The fourth and last part deals with the issue of political power under a republican and multidimensional conception of democracy.The author especially emphasizes the validity of the philosophy of history proposed by L.A.S not only for the study of Latin American societies but also for an adequate interpretation of the impact of the technical change generated by the current cybernetic capitalism that is transforming the world at an unprecedented scale and speed.