Populism is the dominant political ideology in America. This book explores the origins of that ideology and finds a double genesis: The classical Enlightenment liberal republican tradition espoused by John Locke, and the religious tradition of equality and resistance to hierarchy espoused by New England Puritans. Populism is the secular expression of an amalgamation of radical Puritan theology and European Enlightenment liberalism. This book traces the path to that double genesis.