{"product_id":"eyes-on-the-prize-in-the-native-south","title":"Eyes On the Prize In the Native South","description":"\u003cp\u003eAs of 2018 the United States federal authorities have a special government to  government relationship with the 567 federally acknowledged  Indian tribes. These tribal governments and that  relationship have long been fundamental to the American Indian identity for more than two centuries. The  constitution of the United States grants Congress the right  to interact with tribes. The Supreme Court of the United  States in United States v. Sandoval, 231 U.S. 28 (1913)  revealed the seriousness of the relationship when it stated, \"it is not... that Congress may bring  a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in  respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions  whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as  dependent tribes\". Federal tribal acknowledgement  grants to Native American nations the right to certain  benefits, and the process is largely controlled by the  Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), though petitioning tribes can go through congress to secure  acknowledgement as well.  To determine which\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003epetitioning groups seeking acknowledgment were appropriate for such status during the 1970Õs federal government authorities began to work to address the need for consistent  established procedures and criteria for acknowledgement   Adding impetus for such, several non-federally acknowledged  tribes encountered difficulties in bringing land claims for  redress. One such case was United States v. Washington  (1974), which affirmed the fishing treaty rights of tribal  groups in Washington State,  and which led to other groups asserting that the federal  government acknowledge their claims to aboriginal titles.  These events led to the Indian Self-Determination and  Education Assistance Act of 1975. This important federal  legislation legitimized tribal  governments by at least in part restoring aspects of Indian self-determination and governance which had in the past been  ignored or suppressed.  The Bureau of Indian  Affairs in 1978 established a process of rules with seven  core criteria that groups who sought to petition had to meet  in order to secure federal tribal acknowledgment. Four of  the criteria have repeatedly been difficult  for many petitioners to document, including identity as a long-standing historical community, outside identification  as Indians, continuity of political authority, and descent from a historical tribe.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BooksWholesale","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":44221581525153,"sku":"9781716206016","price":33.38,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0462\/1120\/3233\/files\/7wmkd8-front-shortedge-384.jpg?v=1713670928","url":"https:\/\/bookswholesale.myshopify.com\/products\/eyes-on-the-prize-in-the-native-south","provider":"BooksWholesale","version":"1.0","type":"link"}