This second volume of the series describes strain-life approaches through the eN method, used when local plasticity at notch tips, where fatigue cracks typically originate, requires that the analysis follow the stress-strain behavior on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Such a low-cycle approach takes into account the elastoplastic material response, obtained from uniaxial stress-strain relations or multiaxial incremental plasticity calculations, including notch effects. Crack initiation under multiaxial non-proportional loads is also thoroughly discussed, with fatigue life predictions based either on high-cycle or low-cycle damage models.