This Casebook is intended to be used in a course which concentrates on Constitutional Rights and centers the Fourteenth Amendment. It begins with the threshold issue of Òstate actionÓ and other basic principles of constitutional law including judicial review and constitutional interpretation. The Casebook treats equality extensively, including slavery before the Reconstruction Amendments, equal protection for racial, gender, and other classifications, affirmative action, and fundamental rights in equal protection doctrine including the development of doctrine and the most recent cases. It emphasizes substantive due process, including unenumerated rights and the process of incorporation, including the Second Amendment. The brief last Chapter raises questions of state constitutional rights.