With increased computerization, it is important to realize that rectangular coordinates for all these projections may be mathematically calculated with formulas which would have seemed too complicated in the past, but which now may be programmed routinely, especially if aided by numerical examples. A discussion of appearance, usage, and history is given together with both forward and inverse equations for each projection involved.
This book, written in 1987, is out of print, but it's a government work in the public domain, so I'm making it available here on Lulu for anyone interested.
You can also download it directly at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1395