An important article on the Black national question in the United States, by the African American communist activist and theorist, Claudia Jones. Written during a period when the Marxist-Leninist line on the national question, established in the Comintern by Harry Haywood and others in 1928 and 1930, was under serious attack by revisionists in the Communist Party USA, Jones's article had a profound impact in rallying the Left in defense of the revolutionary line.