In recent times, Technology (T), Innovation (I) and Entrepreneurship (E) have become matters of critical importance to the economic and competitive success of nations, firms, and startups. Yet a depressingly large number of peopleÑpoliticians, bureaucrats, businessmen, engineers, academicsÑare still locked up in the 'isms' and managerial mindsets of the last century. One reason is the paucity of academic books addressing TIE issues in a manner empathetic to the concerns of developed as well as developing societies. This book is the second part of a new textbook trilogy that seeks to fill this gap. A special feature is the inclusion of comparative insights derived by the author during his academic pursuits in India, the UK, Hong Kong/China, and the USA. Part I had examined TIE interactions from the perspectives of the world and nation-building. Part II (this book) focuses on issues of importance to individual firms. Part III will adopt the perspective of a startup.